Cognitive decline is a natural part of the aging process, although the rate and extent of decline can vary among individuals. Several factors contribute to this decrease in cognitive health with age, including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In addition, some people are more prone to brain-related health issues, such as Alzheimer’s. In many cases, cognitive decline results from a combination of these factors, and the most effective way to reduce the effects is by making healthy choices in all areas of life.
Most people notice changes in their memory and thinking abilities as they age. These changes usually need to be more severe to affect their daily functioning, but they can make it harder for them to remember things or think as quickly. Sometimes, these changes are the early signs of Alzheimer’s or other dementias. These early symptoms are not always easy to recognize, but they may include forgetting names or appointments, having trouble finding things, and forgetting where they put their keys.
Having good cognitive health means keeping up with everyday tasks and participating in activities and social interactions. It also means having enough mental flexibility and creativity to engage in activities that challenge your thinking skills.
Cognitive health can be measured with tests that measure your ability to pay attention, use reasoning skills, and remember and understand information. These tests are usually given in a healthcare setting and may be done by a doctor or nurse. In addition to these tests, a healthcare provider may order blood or spinal fluid tests to check for conditions that can impact your cognitive health, such as hypothyroidism or vitamin B12 deficiency. A doctor might also use imaging techniques like MRI or PET scans to look for signs of abnormalities in the brain.
The most common cause of cognitive decline with age is natural aging. This process doesn’t involve significant damage to your brain’s neurons, unlike Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. However, normal aging can slow down your memory and processing speed and lead to other problems, such as losing balance or hearing.
Other causes of cognitive decline with age can result from medical conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, or high cholesterol. These diseases can lead to a lack of blood flow to the brain, which can cause damage or even death. Injuries to the head can also cause a traumatic brain injury, which can impact your cognitive and physical health.
In some cases, cognitive decline is caused by medications, alcohol use, poor diet, lack of sleep, stress, or being alone most of the time. The risk factors that patients can control include maintaining a balanced diet, getting adequate sleep, and exercising regularly. Taking medicines only as prescribed and avoiding smoking can lower your risk for cognitive decline and improve your overall health.
